Problem solving is one of the most essential skills in life. Regardless
of who you are or what you do, you will face obstacles. How you deal
with such challenges will often be a determining factor in how
successful you are at life. While problems come in a wide variety of
shapes and sizes, this article will give you some tools to help find
solutions.
Steps
1
There
are many ways to solve problems, and it will depend on your situation,
your experience, your knowledge, your attitude, and your problem to
determine the best approach.
- Your situation may be that you have a long term problem that will
take time to resolve, such as a legal dispute or a personal issue. Your
situation may be pressing, but not immediate. Such may be the case for
solving a problem at work, or how to help your child get a better grade
on next week's test. At the extremes, your situation may be dire, such
as discovering your single-engine plane has just run out of gas, and a
solution is needed immediately.
- Your experience comes into play for all the above.
- If you are an attorney, or a counselor, you will know how to
navigate legal and personal issues through training and experience, and
the best approaches to take solving those problems.
- If you are an educator, or even a parent who has an older child,
you've already experienced the difficulties of test-taking, and will
have the necessary skills to help your child succeed.
- If you're in serious, you will likely rely on gut instinct to solve
your problem. As a pilot, you will have been trained on how react in an
emergency.
Divide and Conquer
1
Use logic to arrive at a conclusion.
To solve virtually any problem, you can use a process of
elimination—dividing the issue down until all you have left is the
problem. There are four basic steps to this process:
- 1. Define the problem
- 2. Develop a plan
- 3. Implement the plan
- 4. Evaluate the results
- Until there's an acceptable answer, you'll repeat steps 2 through 4
until that answer has been reached. We'll use a common problem to
illustrate this scenario.
2
Define the problem.
Your car won't start, there's nobody around, and the mechanics of
automobiles is a complete mystery to you. It's a brand new car, so you
are not familiar with it. Furthermore, you are going to be late for work
if you don't get your car started, so it's up to you to figure out what
the problem is. There are many issues there to deal with, but only one
problem: your car won't start.
- When defining the problem, do not consider things that are
extraneous matters, only what the actual problem is. You can consider
the other issues later.
3
Have a plan. This is
important to develop for solving any problem, and key for keeping the
process on track and finding the solution in the shortest amount of
time. For our example, the plan is straightforward—though maybe not
simple—as a car is a fairly complex piece of machinery. The plan will be
to break the issue down into smaller problems that are more easily
solved, until we are left with the actual cause of the problem.
4
Implement the plan. We’ll start with big, obvious yes/no questions. Knowing what the problem isn't is just as important as knowing what it is.
- Does the engine turn over when you engage the starter? If it does,
then the battery is not the problem, and you’ve eliminated one major
possibility. If it doesn’t turn over, then we know the problem is
probably electrical. For this example, we’ll say it didn’t turn over.
- We know now that the trouble likely lies somewhere along the
electrical path, whether it be starter or battery or some other
electrical issue.
5
Evaluate the results.
What did you learn from the first test? Did it turn over a couple
times, then slowed down and stop? Did it only make a clicking sound? If
it did that, the problem would likely be a dead battery. For this
example, though, what happened was neither the starter nor the engine
made any sound at all, and didn’t even attempt to start. This could mean
a totally dead battery, except for the fact that turning the key caused
all the dash lights and the radio to come on, just like normal.
- Now we know that the battery seems to be OK, but something is still
preventing the car from starting. So we know the problem is that power
is not getting to the starter when you turn the key. That doesn't help
you get to work, though, so start again from step 2.
6
Develop the next plan.
If you knew auto mechanics, you might look under the hood to see if all
the parts were there. For this example, though, you wouldn’t know valve
seal from a bivalve. Still, you look, see the engine is still inside,
and nothing is obviously missing, so your next plan is to consult an
expert—the owner’s manual.
7
Implement the plan.
Since you’ve narrowed the problem down enough to know it’s not a dead
battery or no gas, you look in the manual for where the problem actually
is: starting the car.
- You note a large alert icon with text stating, “For safety reasons, you must step on the brake pedal to start your car.”
8
Evaluate the results based on this new knowledge.
Did you press the brake pedal when you first attempted to start the
car? If you did, then that’s not the issue. However, to make a long
example bearable, let’s say you neglected to step on the brake pedal.
9
Develop the next plan. It's getting easier, isn't it? Your next plan is to attempt to start the car with the brake pedal pressed down.
10
Implement the plan. Attempt to start the car with the brake engaged.
11
Evaluate the results. Did it start? Yes, it did! Your problem is solved, and you’re on your way to work.
- Had it not started, it might also be the point where you call in a
real expert—your auto mechanic. However, because of your methodical and
diligent attempts to solve the problem, you will be able to give him a
very good idea of what's wrong, which will lessen the time it takes him
to figure out what’s wrong, which will lower your bill.
Brainstorming
1
Talk to people. If
your problem is not immediate, and you have time to gather together
people who have skills or experience that relate to your problem, take
advantage of having such smart friends. Let's say you want to start a
business, but don't know how to proceed.
2
Get your people together around the table.
If you're in a business setting, call a meeting. If it's more informal
and you're calling on friends, invite them over for a social business
meeting.
3
Define the problem. Yes, just like above, you cannot solve a problem until you first define it.
- The problem is you want to start a business, but don't have the knowledge you need to do it successfully.
4
Make a plan. Talk to
your team. Brainstorm—that is, listen to their ideas, discuss them, and
build on them. Toss your ideas onto the table, and let people discuss
them as well. Often times, you'll find that everybody will have little
pieces of an idea, but together you create a much more substantial plan
to continue.
- The plan in our example will be for you develop the outline for the
business plan. This gives you concrete steps to follow that will enable
you to define your business and its goals, examine the competition,
evaluate the market, and have a clear outline of what you want to
accomplish.
5
Implement the plan.
Build the business plan from the ground up. It will take a while, and it
will test the limits of your knowledge, but it will push you along the
path to having a successful venture.
6
Evaluate the results.
When you have created your business plan, gather your team again, and
discuss what you have discovered. Brainstorm again, listening to and
implementing what works, discarding what doesn't.
7
Repeat until you have fine-tuned your plan and you're ready to start your business. That problem has been solved, but there will be many more ahead!
Research
1
There are many approaches to problem solving.
Perhaps one of the most key approaches to solving any problem is
research. Whether reading the manual to find out why your car won't
start, or poring over endless legal volumes on case history and
precedent to find the best approach for that civil suit, research can
play a vital role in problem solving.
Diligence
1
In closing, perhaps the
best approach of all is to incorporate every approach you know, and
don't give up until your problem is solved. There is a solution to
every problem, even if that solution is difficult to accept. As the I
Ching frequently states, "perseverance furthers."
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